1) Marilyn Monroe, born Norma Jeane Mortenson, was an iconic American actress, model, and singer, known for her beauty, charisma, and tragic personal life.

2) Michael Phelps, an American swimmer, has won a total of 28 Olympic medals, including 23 gold medals, making him the most decorated Olympian of all time.

3) The first modern health insurance policy was introduced in Germany in the late 19th century.

4) The national flower of Japan is the cherry blossom, which holds great cultural significance and is celebrated during the annual cherry blossom festivals.