1) The word "book" contains two vowels: O and O.

2) The world's oldest known living tree is a bristlecone pine named "Methuselah" in California, estimated to be over 4,800 years old.

3) The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in 1494, divided the newly discovered lands outside of Europe between Spain and Portugal, leading to the colonization of the Americas.

4) The destructive power of cyclones is often attributed to their storm surge, which is a rise in sea level caused by the strong winds and low atmospheric pressure.